Nowadays, National Conservation Programmes have been started by the central government of India to protect the creatures on the earth, like elephants, Fish, Tigers, Neelgay, crocodiles, Bears and dolphins. These are being extincted from the earth. We are going to reveal the exact initiative taken by the government of India against this project.
National Conservation Programmes in India
Around 8% of the world India hold the Biodiversity. Currently, this is a big task for all Indians to maintain the biodiversity and save the wildlife and water animals. To prevent the extinction of threatened species, the government launched several dedicated conservation programmes. This is the most important topic for students to know in detail.
In all kinds of government competitive exams, these types of questions are asked. From the table below can check the Project or Protection Act to save the wild animals and other species.
| Project / Programme | Year Launched | Target Species | Key Regions / States | Main Objectives / Highlights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Project Tiger | 1973 | Bengal Tiger | Across India (50+ Tiger Reserves) | Habitat protection, anti-poaching, and population recovery under NTCA |
| Project Elephant | 1992 | Asian Elephant | Assam, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha | Reduce conflict, secure corridors, census and monitoring |
| Asiatic Lion Conservation Programme / Lion Landscape Development | 1972 onward | Asiatic Lion | Gir Forest, Gujarat | Expanding habitat, reducing genetic risks and conflict |
| Project Dolphin | 2020 | Ganges River Dolphin & Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin | River Ganga, Brahmaputra & coastal areas | Habitat protection, clean rivers, awareness and research |
| Project Crocodile | 1975 | Gharial, Mugger & Saltwater Crocodile | Chambal, Odisha, Gujarat | Captive breeding, release programmes, and wetland protection |
| Project Gharial | 2008 | Gharial (Critically Endangered) | Chambal, Son, and Gandak Rivers | Species restoration, breeding and monitoring |
| Project Snow Leopard | 2009 | Snow Leopard | Himalayan States (J&K, HP, Uttarakhand, Arunachal, Sikkim) | Climate-sensitive conservation and community inclusion |
| Project Hangul | — | Kashmir Stag / Hangul Deer | Jammu & Kashmir | Focused protection in Dachigam National Park |
| Project Sloth Bear | 2009–10 | Sloth Bear | MP, Odisha, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat | Conflict mitigation, corridor safety and tracking |
| Project Great Indian Bustard | — | Great Indian Bustard | Rajasthan, Gujarat | Breeding centres, habitat restoration, and saving grasslands |
| Project Red Panda | — | Red Panda | Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh | Habitat recovery, monitoring, breeding |
| Project Blackbuck | — | Blackbuck | Gujarat, Rajasthan, Odisha | Grassland management, translocation and patrolling |
| Project Vulture | 2006–07 | Indian Vultures (several species) | UP, Haryana, Assam, MP | Ban on diclofenac, breeding facilities, and awareness |
| Rhino Vision 2020 / Assam Rhino Programme | 2005 | One-Horned Rhino | Kaziranga, Pobitora, Orang (Assam) | Translocation, anti-poaching and habitat strengthening |
Project Tiger
This is the most remodelled programme of the government of India. Under this project, e-govt has invested more money and manpower ot opreate properly. This project was announced in 1973 to protect the Tiger from hunting and provide the proper food and habitat. It began with nine tiger reserves and now covers over 50 reserves across India. Still, this project is known as the most popular project and comes under the National Conservation Programme.
Mission of the Project Tiger
- Protect the tiger from hunting and killing
- Protect forest habitats
- Providing the food and water
- Arrange the medicine to enhance their population
Project Lion
This is another popular programme of the Indian government, and many initiatives were implemented to protect the Lion from killing and poaching. Under this programme, many Gir Lion was protected and given more healthier diet.
- India is home to the only wild population of Asiatic Lions.
- Focus is on habitat expansion and reducing genetic bottleneck risks.
- The Lion Landscape Development Project is supporting and strengthening these conservation efforts.